1. Modern classification of endopathologies
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Clinical and radiological signs. - Comparison of WHO and AAE classifications.
- Determination of tooth vitality and its verification (from the cold test to the Doppler effect).
- Impact on the forecast.
2. Radiology
- Conventional images (recommendations on the process of development and storage).
- An overview of digital direct and indirect methods.
- Factors affecting the reading of snapshots.
- Correlation (or lack thereof) of radiological features and histological reality.
- Bite shots in everyday practice.
- Cone beam computed tomography in endodontics.
- Radiology at all stages of endodontic treatment from diagnosis to follow-up (when, how, and how much).
3. Determination of the working length
- Apex anatomy: Apical constriction, Major foramen, CDJ, Anatomical apex (apical constriction, large opening, cement-dentine junction,anatomical apex)
- Theories of apical patency and apical scarp: pros and cons.
- Methods for determining the working length:
- X-ray image with a tool (referencepoint).
- Tactile method.
- Paper rounds.
- Apexlocators (RootZX, Root ZX mini, APIT7, Bingo-1020, NovApex,BingoPro, XFR, Propex, Propex 2, Raypex-4, Raypex-5,Raypex-6, I-PEX).
- Combined motors and apexlocators (TriAutoZX, Dentaport ZX,Gold,X-smart Dual,Rider).
4. Irrigation in endodontics
- NaOCl (sodium hypochlorite), CHX (chlorhexidine), Alexidine, EDTA (EDTA), Citric acid, H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), MTAD (MTAD),Qmix.
- Mechanisms of action, methods of use, recommended concentrations, interactions, advantages and disadvantages, possible complications and clinical choice.
- Irrigation techniques: dynamic, aspiration, sonic, ultrasound (EndoVac, RinseEndo, EndoActivator, PlasticEndo, QuantecE, PUI (Endosoft, Irisafe).
5. Smear layer
- Structure, origin, removal, effect on endodontic treatment.
- The author's algorithm of clinical solutions
6. Lubricants in endodontics - a critical analysis
- Physics, chemistry, microbiology and mechanics - what is
7. Intra-channel medications.
- Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide): Calxyl, Pulpodent, Tempcanal, Cavital, Reogan, Calasept, Hypocal Calen, and others.
- Iodoform (iodoform): Metapex, Vitapex, Endoflass.
- Ledermix (ledermix).
- CHX (chlorhexidine).
- Mechanisms of action, recommended concentrations, interactions, recommended timing and methods of use, clinical choice.
8. Silers in endodontics
A detailed analysis of all groups, their properties, advantages and disadvantages, and techniques of use.
- ZnOE (zinc oxide-eugenol): Kerr cement, Roth's cement, ProcoSOL, Tubliseal, Pulp Canal Sealer.
- Ca(OH)2 (calcium hydroxide): APEXIT, SEALAPEX, CRSC, Acroseal.
- Полимеры (полимеры): Endorez, AH 26, AH+, 2Seal, Adseal, MMSeal, Diaket, Roekoseal.
- GIC (glass ionomers): Ketacendo, ZUT.
- The "damn" endometason.
- MTA and Ceramic sealer (MTA FILLAPEX, Endo CMP sealer, BC Sealer)
9. Gutta-percha. Composition, physical forms.
The main advantages and disadvantages.
The main advantages and disadvantages.
10. Rezilon / epiphany as a monoblock attempt.
- Composition, characteristics, methods of work, analysis of modern literature, critical analysis.
11. Recommended minimum tools.
- DG 16
- Long Neck Burs
- Front Surface
- Ruler-ring
- RubberDum (selection of clamps, work options)
12. Pharmacology in endodontics
Analysis of groups of drugs, their actions, current indications and recommended use options and doses.
- Antibiotics (penicillins, nitroimidazoles, lincosamides).
- Painkillers (NSAIDs – salicylic acid derivatives, COX 2 selective –selective COX-2 inhibitors, Paracetamol- paracetamol, Steroid- corticosteroids).
- When, doses, contraindications, allergies
13. First aid in endodontics
- Hypochlorite accident
- Symptomatic pulpitis.
- Acute abscess
- Algorithm of clinical actions and pharmacological support
